There are two teachings I want to talk about in reference to Dogens writing, Kuge; the first is the Heart Sutra, and the other is impermanency. This is from the late Maezumi-roshis Commentary 5 in his book The Way of Everyday Life. Hes talking about the Three Dharma Marks of Existence and he begins by stating that basically everything is impermanent. There is nothing that does not change. No one can refute that. Everything is changing. On the physiological level, the cells within our entire body, every seven years, are replaced. After the sickness I had recently I felt like something had thoroughly changed in me from head to toe. Even if we try not to let it happen, it still does. This morning there was a little sunshine, now its raining. Last night there was a beautiful clear moon at two oclock in the morning. He writes: relationships among people I like you, I dont like you even in a Zen community, you might not say these things but you own them its your feeling or emotion, and you cant put it out there; you have to work with it day to day, our moods change.
The second mark of existence is when impermanency takes the form of uncertainty or insecurity. Because you dont know whats going to happen, theres nothing you can rely on and this is what brings people to practice, when they sense something is missing. Everything theyve gone to school for, everything theyve said or tried has resulted in still more searching, and thats what leads people to Zen. Its what originally led me to Zen. Intrinsically impermanence is the nature of things. Because nothing at all is permanent, theres no individual self that has independent existence. meaning that it lasts forever. Because theres no self, theres no ego. What we have is just an idea of ego. Everything is impermanent, consequently everything is empty. This is the natural second step of impermanency. Theres no independent self nature that lasts forever.
From impermanency, or nothing fixed in the universe, the second mark is psychological uncertainty, and the third is no ego or no self. Impermanency, no-self, Nirvana. Thats it. Flowers in the sky is another principle of impermanency because flowers cant exist outside of impermanency. We value their beauty because of their short life. Thats why we appreciate them. Flowers in the sky refers to the principle of impermanency and also that all existence is not real. Everything in front of you is not real, because youve named it. And because youve named it, youve divided yourself from it. As children grow up, they are originally in one-ness, but they cant help it because as they grow up they begin objectifying. (Of course, thats very wearing on the parents!) (laughter). But its also natural that the child acquires names for things, and develops that sense of subject and object. It cant be helped. Thats human life. But children lose that sense of oneness. Yet its always there, and to find it again, to rediremains with you.
In his writing on Kuge, Katagiri-roshi says, The emptiness behind all this is a wondrous being. And this leads us to the Heart Sutra. The Heart Sutra states no eyes no ears - nothing is real. I was reading Shohaku Okumuras commentary on Dogens Genjo Koan and in one section he says that everything is prajna. Everything we do is prajna. This is quite remarkable. I think Zen is the only tradition that emphasizes this. Zen in the arts, Zen in athletics, Zen in movement this is a big point for us and we should use it. Zen emphasizes practice. Wherever you are, whatever you do, is prajna and practice. This is life-giving. This is restoration of your own Buddhahood. When you struggle, sometimes over little things, all you have to do is pause and feel. Feel the paper in your hands. Feel your utensils. Feel your tools. Feel the oryoki bowl. You can do these things. Work practice is no different than life itself. Prajna is right in front of you. Thats samsara and nirvana. You then have to transcend both of them. You cant attach to either side.
So in the Heart Sutra, Avalokiteshvara clearly saw that form is emptiness and emptiness is form. When we read that, shiki soku ze ku, ku soku ze shiki, it means exactly that. But still this is dualistic. This is not the Heart Sutras conclusion. Soku ze refers to identity, or being identical. It can also mean as-it-is, or just like this. What its saying is that form is no other than emptiness, emptiness is no other than form. So, Katagiri says that soku has three meanings to it: one, it unifies two things. For instance, in kinhin, were trying to make individual movement become one. Its hard to achieve, because some people have difficulty with spatial relationships; you think youre close but actually youre ten feet behind because maybe you are lost in your thoughts. Thats the first soku. The second is unifying two objects and becoming one with them. Again, it could be like milk and water when you mix the two they become one. Its also like your hand theres the back and theres the palm. But its still one hand. Or like a piece of paper. A front sheet and a back face. The Sandokai also mentions the dark and the light. One cant be found without the other. The third one is me and whatever is there no gap. Subject and Object have disappeared. In this case, both sides are included. That side, this side. What it comes down to is that there are no sides. In the Sandokai it also says that in the dark all words become one. Or, cause and effect (karma) must return to the great reality. The great mystery. Theres no two; but weve made a separation. Now we have to come back. We have to restore ourselves and come back, and the middle way is to go beyond even that one.
There was a Christian priest in this area, and someone asked him a question, and he said, I always return to one. I wrote him a letter and asked, Where does the one return to? He never answered (laughter). But isn't that something? There are no sides. And because there are no sides this miraculous world appears this world of prajna appears.
Bodhidharma wanted to transmit the dharma to one of his successors. There were four disciples three men and one woman. One by one they had to reveal their practice and what they had inherited. The first one came up and Bodhidharma said, Youve got my skin. The second one, the woman, came up and he said to her, Youve got my flesh. After the third one spoke, he said Youve got my bone. Then the fourth one, Eka, stood up with no words, walked zazen sitting, zazen walking, zazen standing, zazen bowing and Bodhidharma said, Youve got my marrow. He was the one who became the Second Ancestor. The first time I heard that story I thought he must have had the best answer but really, theyre all the same. All the people are valued. So our conditioned mind works that way, because were trained to think this is the best and thats the worst. So this is the higher teaching of the Heart Sutra. Form is form, emptiness is emptiness. There is no more form and emptiness. Because when we say form, emptiness is included already; in fact, we dont even have to say it. Its just there. And emptiness is just emptiness. The conclusion of the Heart Sutra free from dualities, liberated from samsara and nirvana, free from like and dislike.
Coming back to Kuge: this is Katagiris talk at a teachers gathering. In Buddhism, in general, flowers in the sky means the principle of impermanency. That all existence is not real. In our ancestors teaching, true emptiness is a wondrous being. Since flowers bloom in the sky, or emptiness, they are not flowers. Since they are the sky, or emptiness, with flowers, it is not the sky or emptiness. It goes beyond this and that. You cant say what it is. Being, non-being. The principle of impermanency means theres no particular thing which causes all things to exist forever. It means that all existence is unreal. All exists, but all things are not real. And also, flowers in the sky states the principle that true emptiness is a wondrous being. He talks about this example: We can see this incense burner on the altar, but it is not real. But our consciousness says that the burner exists completely in the previous moment and in the following moment. Consciously or unconsciously, we believe this the burner exists - but it doesnt exist; it exists as unreal. Its pretty hard to understand this. If we understand emptiness, we immediately grasp emptiness. Oh I understand emptiness. But if you grasp emptiness, it is already not emptiness because you grasped it. So what you grasp, in your hand, in your mind, in your head, is not real emptiness. Its the idea of emptiness. Real emptiness is a profound and refined state of existence, which causes all sentient beings to be restored. Restored, meaning we are dynamically alive. Thank you.